Git Commands MOC

Command reference for Git 2.50+. Organized by workflow stage, not alphabetically.

Staging

# Stage a specific file
git add path/to/file

# Stage all changes (tracked + untracked)
git add -A

# Stage only modifications to tracked files (skip untracked)
git add -u

# Interactive staging — pick hunks
git add -p

Commits

# Commit with message
git commit -m "feat: add OAuth2 middleware"

# Commit and open editor for longer message
git commit

# Amend the last commit (before push only)
git commit --amend --no-edit

# Empty commit (trigger CI)
git commit --allow-empty -m "chore: retrigger pipeline"

Branching

# Create and switch in one step
git switch -c feat/new-feature

# Switch to existing branch
git switch main

# List all branches with last commit
git branch -v

# Delete local branch (safe — won't delete if unmerged)
git branch -d old-branch

# Force delete
git branch -D old-branch

Stashing

# Stash working directory changes
git stash push -m "wip: auth refactor"

# List stashes
git stash list

# Apply most recent stash (keeps it in list)
git stash apply

# Pop most recent stash (removes from list)
git stash pop

# Apply specific stash
git stash apply stash@{2}

History & Diff

# Compact log with graph
git log --oneline --graph --all

# Show changes since last commit
git diff HEAD

# Show staged changes about to be committed
git diff --cached

# Find commit that introduced a bug (binary search)
git bisect start
git bisect bad HEAD
git bisect good v1.2.0

Remotes

# Show remotes
git remote -v

# Add a remote
git remote add upstream https://github.com/org/repo.git

# Fetch + rebase (safer than pull for shared branches)
git fetch origin && git rebase origin/main

# Push new branch and set upstream
git push -u origin feat/new-feature

# Delete remote branch
git push origin --delete old-branch

Undo / Recovery

# Undo last commit, keep changes staged
git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Undo last commit, keep changes unstaged
git reset HEAD~1

# Discard all local changes (irreversible)
git reset --hard HEAD

# Recover a deleted branch (find the commit hash first)
git reflog
git checkout -b recovered-branch <hash>